Hydrogen Bubble Evolution and Its Impact on Mass Transfer at Zinc Electrodes in Alkaline and Neutral Media

Hydrogen evolution and bubble formation are critical challenges in aqueous zinc batteries, leading to blocked active sites, hindered ion transport, and dendrite formation. This review summarized the mechanisms of bubble evolution and its impact on mass transfer at zinc electrodes in both alkaline and neutral media, highlighting strategies such as electrode design, electrolyte optimization, and external field assistance to regulate bubble dynamics. It also emphasizes the need for coupled modeling and operando characterization to better understand the interplay between bubble evolution, mass transport, and zinc deposition. This work offers valuable guidance for advancing stable and efficient aqueous zinc batteries.

March 2025